CHARACTERISTICS |
COMPOSERS |
STRUCTURES |
INSTRUMENTS |
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ANTIQUITY HebrewAncient Greece Ancient Rome China Africa |
Monophonic
Homophonic Modal
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Chants & Danses Poetries Greek modesChromatic scalePentatonic scale Odes and tragediesRoman Theatre Homophonic Greek le-rythmes Hymns | Flutes AulosSyrinx
Bison rhombusBells Drums LutesLeatherbackLyre
Latin tubaCornu
Organs Sistres Rattles Tambourines...
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MIDDLE AGES (up to 15th century) Christendom
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Religious & profane
Monodic PolyphonicGregorian chant Modal Ars Antiqua
Ars nova
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Trouvères
Troubadours Guido d'Arezzo Jean de Garlande Francon de Cologne
Philippe de Vitry Léonin Pérotin Jacques de Liège Odon de Cluny
Isidore de Séville Notker le Bègue Adam de la halle Guillaume de Machaut
Petrus de Cruce Johannes Tinctoris John Dunstable Thomas Daquin
Bernard Ventadour Blondel de Nesle Chrétien de Troyes..
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PlainchantSongs Organums Conduits Motets MassesMadrigals CannonsLiturgical dramas Gymels Faux bourdon DescantsTropes | Flûtes in C
Recorders Pan flute Ocarina Lutes Mandore
Psaltery
Giternn Dulcimer ZithersByzantine lyra Rebab
Organ Harp
Horn pipes Hurdy gurdy Fiddle Sackbut...
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RENAISSANCE (15th - 16th century) Europe
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Polyphonic Chords - Harmony Modal - tonal Countrepoint | Guillaume Dufay
Johannes Ockeghem Josquin des prés Andrea Gabrieli Palestrina Roland de
Lasus Ottaviano Petrucci Carlo Gesualdo Merulo Pierre
Atteignant John Bull Claude le jeune Thomas Morley Clément Janequin John
Dowland William Byrd Gilles Binchois Orlando di Lasso
Claudio Monteverdi..
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Madrigals Cannons Masses Ballata Polyphonic song.Motets Canzone | Viole de Gambe Viole di braccio Harp Lyre Lute Zither Vihuela Violin Viele Flutes Bombard Cromorne Chalumeau Trombone Trumpet Cornetto Virginal Harpsichord Organ Tambourine... | |
BAROQUE (17th century) Europe |
Countrepoint - Harmony Polyphonic ContinuoInstrumental - vocal Ornamental Equal temperament Tonal music Major & minor modes | Claudio Monteverdi
Jean Baptiste Lully Marc A. Charpentier Henry Purcell Arcangelo Corelli
Alessandro Scarlatti François Couperin Antonio Vivaldi Jean Phil. Rameau
Domenico Scarlatti J.S Bach G.F.Haendel Heinrich Schütz Dietrich
Buxtehude Girolamo Frescobaldi Tomaso Albinoni Marin Marais Giovani b. Pergolese
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Operas Oratorios
Cantatas Dances suites Sonatas Concertos Fugues Preludes
Passions Concertos grosso Toccatas Sinfonias Choral
Tombs
Opera ballet Lyric tragedy Anthem
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Recorders CornettoHarpsichord Lutes Theorbo Organs GambaViolins | |
CLASSICAL (18th century) Europe
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Tonal music
Harmony - Countrepoint Musical punctuations Cadences
Perfect triads Dominant seventh chords Melodic predominance
Accompanied melody le-rythme in the background
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Joseph Haydn W.A. Mozart L.V. Beethoven C.W. Gluck C.M.V.Weber Luiggi Boccherini F.J.Gossec | Operas Symphonies
String quartets Chamber music Concertos soloists Sonata
structure Scherzos Minuets Fantasies Variations Requiems
Masses Lied Arias Rondeau
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Piano forte Violin Alto violin Cello Double bass Flutes Oboe Clarinet Bassoon English horn Trumpet Trombone French hornTimpani | |
ROMANTIC (19th century) Europe
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Tonal music Remote modulations ChromaticismsExpressivity | Hector Berlioz Felix
Mendelssohn Franz Schubert Frédéric Chopin Robert Schumann Franz Liszt
Richard Wagner Giuseppe Verdi Johannes Brahms P.I.Tchaïkovsky
Sibelius Hummel S.Rachmaninov Camille Saint saëns Leo
Delibes Charles Gounod Georges Bizet Giacomo Meyerbeer
Jacques Offenbach Richard Strauss Gioachino Rossini Giacomo
Puccini N.Rimsky Korsakov Alexandre Borodine Modeste Moussorgsky
Bedrich Smetana Antonin Dvorak Cesar Franck Gustav Mahler
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Ouvertures Symphonic poemsBallets Waltzes Symphonies Concertos Sonatas Rapsodies Lied Operas | Piano forte French hornPercussions Symphonic Orchestra | |
MODERN (20th century- part 1)
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Atonal music ChromaticismSerialism DodecaphonismImpressionism Modal music Jazz Indian music African music Asian music | Claude Debussy
Maurice Ravel Gabriel Fauré Arnold Schoenberg Alban Berg Anton Webern Bela
Bartok Igor Stravinsky Dimitri chostakovitch Francis Poulenc
Georges Gershwin Erik Satie Serguei Prokofiev Arthur Honneger
Darius Milhaud Heitor Villa-LobosSamuel Barber Ferruccio
Busoni
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Preludes Melodies Operas Popular songs Symphonic poems Rapsodies | Modern piano Symphonic Orchestra Percussion orchestra | |
CONTEMPORARY (20th century-part 2)
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Concrete music Repetitive music Electroacoustic music Minimalist music Electronic music Predominance of space Instrumental colors Rhthm predominance Acousmatic music Computer music Spectral music Sound synthesis Pre-recorded music | Pierre Boulez
Karlheinz Stockhausen Gyorgy Ligeti Luciano Berio Alfred Schnittke Pascal
Dusapin Steve Reich Pierre Henry Philip Glass Pierre Schaeffer Edgar
Varèse René Leibovitz Luigi Nono John Cage Olivier Messiaen
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Free structures Sonatas Concertos... | Percussions Real Sounds Traditional instruments Sound effects Ondes Martenot |